BIOL3771 The Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Transcriptome Regulation Assignment Sample

DNA to Genome

Answer:

miR-7 is a class of short non-coding regulatory micro RNAs, which plays major role in controlling the post-transcriptional expression of mRNA. miR-7 is crucial for insulin expression as studied in mice. It can cause impairment of insulin secretion in the pancreatic islet cells causing diabetes when overexpressed in mice (Hansen et al. 2013). It is reported in several studies that miR-7 might enact in suppressing progress of cancer in pancreatic cells, lung cells, breast, and also in neuronal cells. The inhibitory regulation of miR-7 is therapeutically introduced to fight cancer nowadays. Circular RNAs are another class of regulatory RNAs. Relative expression level of miR-7 is lower in tumour cells than surrounding normal cells and cancer patients with high expression of miR-7 has better survivality, so the expression of miR-7 can be used as a molecular biomarker to predict average survival rate in cancer patients (Cheng et al. 2017). A human circular RNA which is antisense of the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as) has 63-73 number of conserved binding sites for miR-7. The binding sites play as miRNA-7 sponge with a very close association with Argonaute (AGO) protein. The circular RNAs can highly inhibit the miR-7 activity and promote the numbers of miR-7 targets in an antagonistic manner as reported in development of midbrain in zebrafish.

References for DNA to Genome

1. Cheng, M.W., Shen, Z.T., Hu, G.Y. and Luo, L.G., 2017. Prognostic significance of microRNA-7 and its roles in the regulation of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 42(2), pp.660-672.

2. Hansen, T.B., Jensen, T.I., Clausen, B.H., Bramsen, J.B., Finsen, B., Damgaard, C.K. and Kjems, J., 2013. Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Nature, 495(7441), pp.384-388.

3. Memczak, S., Jens, M., Elefsinioti, A., Torti, F., Krueger, J., Rybak, A., Maier, L., Mackowiak, S.D., Gregersen, L.H., Munschauer, M. and Loewer, A., 2013. Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature, 495(7441), pp.333-338.

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