Domestic Violence Criminology Assessment Answer

Introduction

Domestic abuse also known as domestic violence can be defined as the behavioral pattern that is present in any relationship between the husband and the wife. The main motive behind the acts of domestic abuse is to gain power and control over the other significant partner. Abuse includes the sexual, physical, psychological, economic and emotional actions against the partner. Domestic abuse tends to produce fear, anxiety and humiliates the partner. Domestic violence can happen to any person at any age, color and gender. Different social and economical contexts are responsible for the domestic abuse. Domestic abuse can be suffered by both men and women in the different stages in their relationship (Governmentevents, 2022). The educational level of the people is another important factor that deals with the increase in domestic violence. In this assignment, the negative impacts of the domestic abuse have been taken up. Domestic violence in UK is considered as a crime. The criminal justice system has included the domestic abuse due to the rate of crime that has been seen in the recent years. The scope of this assignment is to identify and understand the root social and political causes that are responsible for domestic abuse in the United Kingdom. The charging of the abuser due to committing of the offence has been taken up by the legal system in the country. A critical consideration of domestic abuse has been taken up with the help from the relevant theories. The effectiveness of the approach that is multi agency has also been taken up in the assignment.

Main Body

Succinct Exploration of Multi-Agency Working

The domestic abuse has been integrated in the Criminal Justice System. Domestic violence has several causes political and social both. Young women, higher rates of education among women, long marriages, the number of children, and many other elements are individually correlated with social determinants and factors in the UK domestic violence. In the UK, domestic violence against women and children has long been a contentious political issue (Flury et al., 2019). Poverty and employment are two of the many elements or circumstances that exist in the UK that contribute to domestic violence; those who are struggling financially are more prone to engage in violence (Heron et al., 2021). Women and children who are homeless are twice as likely to experience domestic abuse (Susmitha B., 2016). The fact that victims of abuse in poverty frequently lack the resources to leave the circumstance is one of the main causes of this tendency (Kaur & Garg, 2008). They might not be able to pay for accommodation on their own or have recourse to legal assistance. Usually, abusers also take measures to keep their targets in poverty. Education is another justification for increasing awareness among the people that will help in the reduction of the domestic violence (Lloyd, 2018). Education has a significant impact on the prevalence of family violence globally. An increase in knowledge and the capacity of a woman to reject unwelcome sexual advances are linked to each additional academic year (Sivarajasingam et al., 2022). Domestic abuse is less likely to occur in women with the some secondary education. Physical abuse in relationships is among the most prevalent types. Actions that cause physical harm are considered to be instances of domestic abuse (Stewart et al., 2020). Sexual abuse is also consi9dered as the domestic violence. At the time when sex or rape is performed without the victim's consent, which is considered as domestic violence in UK.

The multiagency working help in providing an effective way of supporting children and families and thus they are able to secure real improvement in their life outcomes. The multiagency working works in a unique way to prevent any risk that result in poor outcomes for children and people. This multiagency working works in safeguarding the children and it also provide series of services to the children and family members who ultimately help in proper growth and development of children. The most common three types of multiagency workings mainly include are coordinated intervention, information sharing and joint decision making. The main benefit of this multiagency working is that it makes different person to come together and plan a response and thereby informed the risk to the community. Thus the agencies mainly work in the process of sharing aims, information and tasks and this help in preventing early problems which might create an impact on the children’s learning. The agencies provide a framework for other participants on how they will work collaborate. Both these substance use and mental health services are the main parts that this multiagency works. This helps in establishing responses to people with dual diagnosis. This type of working mainly help in building quality relationship and thus in many cases they are implemented in schools which ultimately help in creating a relationship between the staff and frontline practitioners . Thus the children are able to get the desired benefit. This help in providing clear information regarding the children and the exact problems faced by these children are discussed.

Introduction to Domestic Abuse

Domestic abuse can be defined as the incident that includes physical, psychological and emotional impact on another person who is present in a relationship. The main reason behind the exertion of abuse is to assert power over the significant partner. Domestic violence includes sexual violence and harassment, beating and sometimes leads to death (Aldridge, 2020). In most cases domestic abuse is targeted towards the women. But violence towards men have also been noticed and reported. In the year 2019-2020, 13.8% of the men as well as 27.4% of the women in UK have been exposed to domestic abuse. It has been seen that out of every three domestic violence victim, two will be women and one will be male. During the pandemic, the increase in domestic violence has been seen an increase of 2%. However, in the recent years the rate of domestic abuse has been on the decline as compared to the previous years. In 2019 -2020 domestic stalking has been decreased to 0.5% in the case of males and 1.05 in the case of females (Cleaver et al., 2019). 6% of the bisexual men have been victim have been victims of domestic abuse. On the other hand, bisexual women 19.6% have been exposed to domestic violence as compared to heterosexual women.

The multi agency effectiveness has been seen towards the domestic violence. The multi agency in UK effectively works by supporting the women and children who have been impacted with the domestic abuse. The needs and the additional requirements of the women who are victims of domestic abuse have been taken up by the multi agency approach (Elkin, 2021). An intervention that is early and helps in the reduction of the domestic violence has been taken up. Sharing of information and the integration of the programs for the perpetrators as well as victims that has helped in the reduction of the risks and also help in the improvement of the outcomes has been taken up.

Anyone can face the domestic abuse. The domestic abuse is also known as the domestic violence. This includes current or former partners, members of the close-knit family, as well as other relatives. Domestic abuse refers to a pattern of behavior employed in any relationship to acquire or keep control and authority over a current or former partner. Abuse is defined as any influence over another person that is physical, mental, sexual, economic, or physiological in nature. This covers a wide range of actions that terrify, harm, manipulate, blame, embarrass, or injure someone. Any person, regardless of their age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, or religion, may experience domestic abuse. It can happen in relationships between married, dating, or cohabiting partners. Anyone can become a victim of domestic violence at any time. A kid, other family members, or any other person of the household could be the victim of domestic violence or abuse. Domestic violence often takes the form of a routine of abusive behavior toward a current or former partner in a romantic or familial connection, where the offender exerts control and power over the victim. In any relationship, this is regarded as a practice of abusive behavior employed by one spouse to seize or retain control over a different intimate partner. There are different types of domestic abuse happen with the partners or members of the family. Physical abuse is actually the physical torture on the victim. The sexual abuse is also considered as the domestic abuse; in this abuse one partner sexually torture another partner. The emotional abuse, economic abuse and psychological abuse also involves in the domestic abuse.

Critical Consideration of Type of Offending

The main theories that are considered here are the Duluth feminist model and this model should be considered to prevent domestic violence. The model mainly proposes that the main cause of this domestic violence is a mainly cultural or social and patriarchal ideology and this has provided men to control women with the use of violence and power. His mode main help in identifying the main cause of domestic violence and this mainly points out the fact that domestic violence is mainly caused by the male-dominated society with the help of power (Mankind, 2020). Moreover, there are no such issues as mental health problems or behavioral problems which have caused these kinds of domestic violence toward women. The violence that is perpetrated on women originates from the relative positions o vulnerability and weakness both socially and politically. The model is considered more as a therapy and this model helped in reducing domestic violence which is mainly caused y the male-dominated society. This model works as a treatment technique that focuses on giving an improved as well as broadened understanding of the causes of this domestic violence. The model makes use of the power and control wheel and this tool help in identifying abusive behavior (McPhee et al., 2021). The acts and threats of physical violence depend on various aspects such as intimidation, abuse mainly emotional abuse, economic abuse, and male privilege, minimizing, blaming, and using children. The goal of this model is to convince the male society to utilize nonviolent strategies and this mainly involves the use of economic partnerships, shared responsibility and respect, and nonthreatening behavior. This will help in creating a strong relationship (Theguardian, 2020). The model will firmly utilize the male segment who commits these domestic crimes on female victims. This model is provided by Duluth mainly to provide an understanding of how the male dominance has led to proper control and abuse of women and this has caused more amount of violence.

Conclusion

This leads to the conclusion that there are many different types of domestic abuse, including physical aggressiveness. One of the most dreadful forms of abuse experienced by women in UK society is domestic violence. Domestic abuse and violence are now part of the criminal justice system in the UK. In cases of domestic violence, men typically act violently toward women more frequently, with women typically being the victims. Women who have physical problems may visit hospital in the UK to receive medical attention. One of the key factors contributing to this tendency is the fact that abuse victims in impoverished areas typically lack the means to escape their situation. They might not have access to legal representation or be able to afford lodging on their own. In most cases, abusers also make efforts to keep their victims in poverty. Domestic violence in families continues to be a significant justice issue and a prevalent social and financial issue. In UK, the Criminal Justice System has also been expanded to include domestic abuse. The criminal justice system is a framework that regulates the operation of agencies like the police, tribunals, prisons, etc. and works to ensure victim justice. The criminal justice system exists to ensure that everyone who experiences harm or loss at the hands of another is given the opportunity to plead their case and seek redress.

References

Aldridge, J. (2020). “not an either/or situation”: The minimization of violence against women in United Kingdom “domestic abuse” policy. Violence Against Women, 27 (11), 1823–1839. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220927079

Cleaver, K., Maras, P., Oram, C., & McCallum, K. (2019). A review of UK based multi-agency approaches to early intervention in domestic abuse: Lessons to be learnt from existing evaluation studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 46 (12), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.02.005

Elkin, M. (2021, November 24). Domestic abuse victim characteristics, England and Wales: Year Ending March 2021. Domestic abuse victim characteristics, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/domesticabusevictimcharacteristicsenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2021

Flury, M., Nyberg, E., & Riecher-Rössler, A. (2019). Domestic violence against women: Definitions, epidemiology, risk factors and consequences. Swiss Medical Weekly, 2–8. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2010.13099

Governmentevents. (2022, May 11). Working together to combat domestic abuse: The benefits of multi-agency cooperation • GE insights. Government Events. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.governmentevents.co.uk/working-together-to-combat-domestic-abuse-the-benefits-of-multi-agency-cooperation/

Heron, R. L., Eisma, M. C., & Browne, K. (2021). Barriers and facilitators of disclosing domestic violence to the UK Health Service. Journal of Family Violence, 37 (3), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00236-3

Kaur, R., & Garg, S. (2008). Addressing domestic violence against women: An unfinished agenda. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 33 (2), 73. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.40871

Lloyd, M. (2018). Domestic violence and education: Examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of Schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 228–367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02094

Mankind. (2020). Male victims - domestic and partner abuse statistics. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.mankind.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/55-Key-Facts-about-Male-Victims-of-Domestic-Abuse-and-Partner-Abuse-Final-Published-April-2021.pdf

McPhee, D., Hester, M., Bates, L., Lilley-Walker, S. J., & Patsios, D. (2021). Criminal justice responses to domestic violence and abuse in England: An analysis of case attrition and inequalities using police data. Policing and Society, 32 (8), 963–980. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.2003358

Sivarajasingam, V., Webber, I., Alaa, A., & El-Osta, A. (2022). Investigating public awareness, prevailing attitudes and perceptions towards domestic violence and abuse: A qualitative study in the United Kingdom, 2–8. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1518479/v1

Stewart, D. E., MacMillan, H., & Kimber, M. (2020). Recognizing and responding to intimate partner violence: An update. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66 (1), 71–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720939676

Susmitha B. (2016). Domestic violence: Causes, impact and remedial measures. Social Change, 46 (4), 602–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085716666636

Theguardian. (2020, September 4). More than 40% of domestic violence victims are male, the report reveals. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2023,

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