BN103 Platform Technologies with Reflective Journal Assignment Answer

A. Computer Organisation and Architecture

1. Industry has agreed on a standardized scheme for multiple-disk database design, known asRAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks). The RAID scheme consists of seven levels, zero
through six. These levels do not imply a hierarchical relationship but designate different
design architectures that share three common characteristics.
a. Which of RAID 1 or RAID 5 would you use in the following scenarios and justify your choice:

i. A transaction database that performs many thousands of updates per second.

Ans-

1.

A.

a.i

RAID 5 is the most popular and extensively utilised RAID security level. It needs at least three drives to operate, and it can have as many as sixteen. A parity checksum of all the block data is copied to one of the drives, and then the data is striped across the discs. You can see that the parity information is not written to a single disc, but rather is spread out among all of the available hard drives in the following diagram. Data from other blocks can be recalculated using the parity information if the original data for that block is lost or corrupted. It's possible for a RAID 5 array to continue functioning normally despite the loss of a single disc, preventing any data loss and maintaining continued access to stored information[7]. In spite of the fact that RAID 5 can be done in software, it is strongly advised that a hardware controller be utilised instead. Extra cache memory is typically used to increase the controllers' write speed in such cases.

Read operations are lightning fast, while writes are only marginally slower (due to the parity that has to be calculated).

If a drive fails, you can swap it out without losing access to any of your files while the storage controller transfers the data to the new drive. This remains true even if the defective drive is being replaced.

ii. A web server that serves almost entirely static web content.

Ans-

The information is duplicated in two places, a data drive (or array of data drives) and a mirror drive (or set of drives). If either drive fails, the controller may retrieve the data from the other and keep everything running as usual. Only two drives are needed for a RAID 1 array to work[6].

b. Compare different RAID levels RAID 0, RAID 1, and RAID 5 in terms of ability to withstand failure, performance, and space overhead required implementing the particular RAID level.

Ans- 

Data in a RAID 0 configuration is divided into blocks before being written to the individual hard drives that make up the array. When using multiple discs or at least two drives in this fashion, read and write speeds are increased. The full storage unit's capacity can be put to good use, so there is no unused room. Since RAID 0 lacks redundancy, losing even a single disc will wipe out everything saved on that array. Use with caution, unless you absolutely need that information.

In order to use RAID 1, at least two hard drives must store mirror images of the same data. All other drives will keep working as usual even if one of them fails. The highly dependent are encouraged to use it. With RAID 1, data may be read from any drive in the array, which boosts read performance[6]. However, since data must be written to every drive in the array, the write pace is much slower than with a RAID 0 array. The capacity of more than one drive is unavailable to you.

Like RAID 0, RAID 5 requires a minimum of three drives and spreads the data across them, but it also contains a "parity" component that is spread among the drives. If only one drive fails, the data on the remaining drives can be used to rebuild the missing information thanks to the parity information. There is never a dull moment. While data can be read at a rapid pace, it can only be written at a much slower rate due to the need to calculate parity[6]. If your file and application server simply has a few data drives, this is the ideal answer for you.

RAID 5 is more cost-effective than RAID 1 despite the fact that it employs three discs rather than two, resulting in a 33 percent loss of storage space. Four hard drives are used in the most frequent RAID 5 installations, reducing the amount of lost storage space to 25%. It can work with as many as 16 drives concurrently

B. Arithmetic & Logic Operations, and Electrical Primitives

1. With a detailed step-by-step process, convert the following decimal numbers into binary, IEEE
754 and Hexadecimal formats.

i. -172.nn

Ans-

2. Construct the digital circuit with Logisim (or another online simulator) for following expression. The circuit has one output Q and three inputs A, B, and C. Also write the truth table.

Q = ((A + B) ⊕ C̅)((A̅ + B) + C)(A̅. B. C̅)

Ans- 

3. State Ohm’s law. Three 25V Batteries are connected in series, which produce a total voltage of 75V. This battery is connected to two resistors which are in parallel with values of 20 and 28 ohms. Draw the circuit diagram for this scenario. Find the current flowing through the circuit.

 Ans- 

As long as other physical parameters, such as temperature, stay the same, Ohm's law states that the voltage across a conductor is proportional to the current flowing through it.

C. Internet of Things (IoT) and Applications

Use library and online resources to carry out detailed research about Internet of Things (IoT) and their applications. Based on your research,

1. Explain Internet of Things (IoT) and its organization with the help of a suitable diagram.

Ans- 

When computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, and even people are all linked together and given the ability to transfer data over a network without the need for human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction, we have what is known as the internet of things (IoT). Unique identifiers (UIDs) are assigned to each object, and they are also given the capability of speaking with one another[5].

Any entity, whether it be a human with an implanted heart monitor, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, a vehicle with built-in sensors to alert the driver when tyre pressure is low, or any other natural or artificial entity that can be given an IP address and transfer data over a network, is considered a thing in the internet of things[5].

Businesses in a wide variety of industries are adopting IoT technologies to increase productivity, learn more about their customers to better serve them, fortify their ability to make decisions, and enrich their operations[7].

2. Discuss the importance of Internet of Things (IoT) in the real-world scenario. Discuss one Internet of Things (IoT) application in the real world.

Ans- 

The internet of things has allowed people to live and work more efficiently, and to gain complete control over their lives (IoT). Business operations rely heavily on IoT technology, and IoT-enabled devices can also be used to automate domestic settings. The Internet of Things provides real-time visibility into an organization's systems, ranging from machine performance to the smoothness of supply chains and logistics processes[3].

Businesses may save time and money by using more automation thanks to IoT. Further, it improves service delivery, cuts down on waste, and lowers production and shipping costs. Furthermore, it allows for the monitoring of specific consumers' financial dealings[8].

Therefore, the Internet of Things is a crucial technology for daily living, and it will continue to grow in popularity as more businesses realise the potential of connected gadgets to help them stay ahead of the competition[4].

Numerous prospects for progress exist for organisations thanks to the IoT. Some advantages are sector-specific while others can be applied across industries. The Internet of Things (IoT) has several applications for enterprises, such as process monitoring, customer experience (CX) enhancement, cost reduction, staff productivity boost, business model integration and adaptation, better business decisions, and more revenue[3].

The Internet of Things (IoT) not only gives businesses the tools to improve their operational strategies, but it also motivates them to rethink their approaches.

Some businesses in the agriculture, infrastructure, and home automation sectors have been prompted to undergo a digital transformation as a result of the technology's usefulness. Sensors and other forms of IoT technology are especially common in industries including manufacturing, transportation, and utility provisioning.

Internet of Things (IoT) application in the real world.

Indoor gardening makes use of IoT applications for climate monitoring and management. This ultimately leads to more food being produced on farms. When cultivating in the open air, Internet of Things devices are also utilised to monitor soil conditions, such as nutrient and moisture levels. The ability to track weather conditions also allows for better fertiliser and smarter irrigation systems[4].

D. Reflective Journal

Write a reflective journal descripting your experience with Platform Technologies (BN103) in T5 2022 covering the period of eleven weeks (from week 1 to week 11). You must reflect upon your learning experience so far.

Ans- 

Students in a class called Platform Technologies (BN103) gain familiarity with the many platforms at their disposal and the best practises for utilising them. Also covered are the many software options available for each platform and their respective uses.

The course is well organised, making it easy to follow along and complete. I learned a great deal from both the lectures and the readings, and I've been able to put that knowledge to good use in my career and personal life. I recommend this course to anyone who wants to learn more about the various platforms and the best practises for interacting with them[2].

Among the many amazing things I've learned in this course is the sheer number and variety of available platforms. I had no idea there were so many variants of platforms out there. Another fascinating part was learning about the many sorts of software available on the different platforms. I had no idea there were so many varieties of computer programmes. In short, I was unprepared. Anyone curious about the various platform options and their applications should seriously consider taking this course.

In general, I learned a lot from my time in Platform Technologies (BN103). I've learned a lot about the different sorts of platforms out there and how to make good use of them. In addition, I now have a deeper understanding of the various software out there, how to utilise it, and the many systems on which it runs[1]. Anyone curious about the various platform options and their uses will benefit greatly from taking this course.

Several distinct options exist for platforms. Numerous computer operating systems exist, but Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android are among the most popular. There are advantages and disadvantages to using each platform[8].

For its user-friendliness and extensive library of useful applications, Windows has become the de facto standard in PC OS. But it can be extremely costly, and it does not provide as much protection as other platforms.

The Mac OS is popular due to its user-friendliness and its extensive library of applications. However, it can be extremely costly, and it does not provide as much protection as other platforms.

Linux's widespread adoption can be attributed to the platform's high level of usability and the breadth of its software ecosystem. However, it can be fairly pricy, and it does not provide as much protection as competing platforms.

Android's meteoric rise to prominence can be attributed to the platform's widespread availability and impressive ease of use. However, it can be rather costly and does not provide as much protection as competing platforms.

The knowledge I've gained thus far in Platform Technologies (BN103) has been invaluable to me. I've learned a lot about the different sorts of platforms out there and how to make good use of them. In addition, I now have a deeper understanding of the various software out there, how to utilise it, and the many systems on which it runs. Anyone curious about the various platform options and their uses will benefit greatly from taking this course.

E. References and document formatting

[1]. Bertels, K. O. E. N., Sarkar, A., Hubregtsen, T., Serrao, M., Mouedenne, A. A., Yadav, A., ... & Ashraf, I. (2020, March). Quantum computer architecture: Towards full-stack quantum accelerators. In 2020 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[2]. Beregi, R., Pedone, G., & Mezgár, I. (2019). A novel fluid architecture for cyber-physical production systems. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 32(4-5), 340-351.

[3]. Brous, P., Janssen, M., & Herder, P. (2020). The dual effects of the Internet of Things (IoT): A systematic review of the benefits and risks of IoT adoption by organizations. International Journal of Information Management, 51, 101952.

[4]. Khan, W. Z., Rehman, M. H., Zangoti, H. M., Afzal, M. K., Armi, N., & Salah, K. (2020). Industrial internet of things: Recent advances, enabling technologies and open challenges. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 81, 106522.

[5.]. Kim, J., & Park, J. K. (2020). Building Reliable Massive Capacity SSDs through a Flash Aware RAID-Like Protection. Applied Sciences, 10(24), 9149.

[6]. Li, B., Yang, M., Mohajer, S., Qian, W., & Lilja, D. J. (2018, October). Tier-code: An XOR-based RAID-6 code with improved write and degraded-mode read performance. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Architecture and Storage (NAS) (pp. 1-10). IEEE.

[7]. Odun-Ayo, I., Ananya, M., Agono, F., & Goddy-Worlu, R. (2018, July). Cloud computing architecture: A critical analysis. In 2018 18th international conference on computational science and applications (ICCSA) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

[8]. Sittón-Candanedo, I., Alonso, R. S., Corchado, J. M., Rodríguez-González, S., & Casado-Vara, R. (2019). A review of edge computing reference architectures and a new global edge proposal. Future Generation Computer Systems, 99, 278-294.

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