EMS4002 - Introduction to Engineering Research Methodology & Application Assessment

Abstract and Introduction:;

The major crash of Two Max passenger aircraft in 2018 & early 2019 as global awareness highlighting On Boeing’s practice and culture. The explanations which are provided includes the design flaws by the experts within the MAX’s new flight control software system design to prevent any kind of disruption. There are too many problems or questions to address the Code of Conduct on engineering. Without proper investigation, learning from documentary as well as scrutiny of government reports the goal is difficult to achieve which led to find out the actual cause of the ethical significance of such accidents and the resulting breakdown from the failure. The most important key factors responsible for these types of dilemmas are designing and certification for the aircraft.

Introduction:

The incident took place when the MAX passengers jets crashed minutes after the take off taking the lives of nearly 350 passengers. And after the second incident the news exacerbated on the surface which provoked and initiated a long-standing debate about which degree the automation is required or hence it is safe. But before proceeding further it is necessary to know the reasons for the failure.

Reasons for Default:

• Failure of An Angle of Attack (AOA) sensor.
• Activation of New Flight Control Software known as The Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAs) needed for changes but resulted futile.
• The reconfiguration of engines was not disclosed to the pilots until after the first crash.
• One of the biggest mistake examples is lack of transparency.
• Reports as per July 2014, two years before the determination made by FAA regarding the training requirements designed for pilots for the 737 MAX & at that time FAA was presuming and finally concluding that there were no trainings required specially about simulator. According to one of the Reports of Press Release “Pilots which are already certified to the next generation will not be required for the simulator course”.

Leadership, Loyalty & Whistle Blowing Policies: How they are interconnected?

Reports shows that engineers had strong concerns about the Max designs as revealed in many emails from time to time regarding all sort of safety issues. The pilots and staff had the security issues that are found but none of them are so impacting or been highlighted before the crash took place. There were all records, reports and unethical practises regarding the safety of passengers reflecting both the modes either accepted or dismissed. So, the question here even you found wrong or things not in the proper direction and not able to reflect the problem to the company or make outsiders aware of the negligence, how can it be proved that proper measures are taken by the staff?

Emergency Measures:

• Just immediately after the incident took place, MCA focuses on all its erroneous decisions. Firstly, providing documentation/ training facility for the Pilots.
• Issued a crew operations defining Manual Bulletin containing procedures how to control flight control problems due to Erroneous Inputs.
• Issuing Emergency Airworthiness Directive.
• According to Reports, this is for the very first time that the pilot learned about the MCA, s existence.

Summary of the Reports

1. Ethiopian Airlines Accident Investigation [Preliminary Report]; Checklist not followed.
2. Interim Report: Blame for the Accident on Design Flaws in The Max.
3. Summary of the Post Accident Response: Both Boeing and FAA are responsible for gambling with the publics safety in the Aftermath of the crash, resulting in the death of many passengers.
4. December 2019: Ali Bahrami , The FAA Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety also concluded that he was unaware of the safety issues of the MAX accidents. He was also not familiar with the details of Air Taram Analysis providing information that it took almost 10 seconds for the pilot to respond to uncommanded MCAs activation which is described as a catastrophic and this statements are widely covered by the media.

Welcome Notes to Engineering Ethics:

• Emphasizing more on public safety- over public good and for that needs constantly reminders.
• Able to develop more engineering societies, corporations and engineering educators for establishing the codes of ethics for the support of profession.
• Clarity over the organizational codes’ vs professional codes.
• What is more important for engineers is to provide work on time and there are resource limitations rather than cost and schedule works. It is believed that the proper structuring of the society rests on the shoulder of some of the prestigious profession of which Engineers play a vital role.

Conclusion

The need of the hour felt when the contribution for the greater involvement of engineering societies in ethics related activities broadening the focus on moral courage in engineering ethics and education and research. The results derived from the proper observations focusing on the main problems that led to the breakage in the Chaotic cockpit conditions and lack of proper certification process were the reason for the failure making compulsory training of the pilot simulation training to service.

According to the various reports and evidence that it was one of the biggest failures in terms of design and certification to a larger extent. There had been chain of events resulting in unexpected results. Airlines generally wont talk about the next step or even the next marketing strategy for the Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA failed to fully exercise the authority and provides a big question to safety. The most important reasons needed to be addressed related to all sorts of certification, pilot training and technical design. It is of the view of the experts that if there is more automation there will be less pilots

References:

1. Joseph Herkert, Jason Bornstein and Keith Miller: The Boeing 737 MAX: Lessons for Engineering Ethics.
2. Chris Palmer(2020): The Boeing 737 Max Saga: Automating Failure. www.elsevier.comlocate/eng.
3. damson, G., & Herkert, J. (2020). Addressing intelligent systems and ethical design in the IEEE Code of Ethics. InCodes of ethics and ethical guidelines: Emerging technologies, changing fields. New York: Springer (in press).
4. Ahmed, H., Glanz, J., & Beech, H. (2019). Ethiopian airlines pilots followed Boeing’s safety procedures before crash, Report Shows. The New York Times, April 4,https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/04/world/asia/ethiopia-crash-boeing.html.
5. AIAA. (2013). Code of Ethics,https://www.aiaa.org/about/Governance/Code-of-Ethics.
6. Arnold, K. (2019). FAA report predicted there could be 15 more 737 MAX crashes. The Dallas Morning News, December 11,https://www.dallasnews.com/business/airlines/2019/12/11/faa-chief-says-boeings-737-max-wont-be-approved-in-2019/
7. Baura, G. (2006).Engineering ethics: an industrial perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
8. BBC News. (2019). Work on production line of Boeing 737 MAX ‘Not Adequately Funded’. July 29,https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49142761

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