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Introduction

In today’s advanced technological world, the revolutionary development of technology, communication, and transportation provides exclusive opportunities to terrorists. In addition to that, the availability of internet usage enables the terrorists to get easy access to crucial information as well and the transportation of money online is a form of strong support for them in order to act upon their agenda. Furthermore, terrorists often get that much money by hijacking the systems. Terrorism is evolving, causing destruction to communities as well as to the nation. Terrorism, counter-terrorism, and state terrorism are all forms of terrorism. All results are destruction in terms of humanity, resources, morality, etc. whole world gets affected by terrorism either physically mentally, or emotionally (Abozaid, 2022).

The Impact of Terrorism on Humanity

Terrorism is a dirty act that destroys innocence. This can be described as an act of intended threat and violence against the innocent population. This is just to intimidate others for certain aims. This can be performed in two types of groups. The first one gets directly affected but not the primary targets. On the other hand, the second group gets indirectly affected and is the prime target of terrorism. The armed forces as well as security services are excluded from the targets as they are essential suppliers of ammunition and weapons to the terrorist. Along with them, the political leaders who support terrorism are also excluded from the targets. According to research articles, the terrorist attack of 9/11 killed almost 3000 people in one day (Chukwuma, 2022). Some authors have mentioned that terrorism can be defined by several words like ‘political goals’, ‘violence’, ‘victimization of civilians’, and so on. According to some researchers, terrorism aims to get attention by spreading violence and threats including the fear to persuade and coerce. For explaining the impact of terrorism on humanity or innocence the phrase, “ Real or imagined injustice, suffering or deprivation.” is essential to know. The act of attacking certain individuals like judges, politicians, or leaders can be described as an act of terrorism (Lewis, 2017). However, the perpetrators can disagree with this fact by referring to the act as a political assassination. This can generate a degree of relativism in the discussion of terrorism. The innocence of the victim is taken as the innocence of real injustice. In other words, the victims are innocent from the point of view of the terrorists too (D’Amato & Terlizzi, 2022).

The Initiatives or Efforts and Strategies of Counter-terrorism by the Government

CONTEST is the UK’s newly formed Counter-terrorism strategy that mitigates the risks of terrorism to the United Kingdom so that the citizens and interests of foreign countries can also stay safe. This is able to provide safety to the population from terrorism (Schmid, et al., 2021).

In March 2023, the government of the UK updated its integrated review of Defence, Security, development, and Foreign Policy. UK’s high national security as well as the international strategy covers the threats of terrorism (Martini, 2021).

In the previous version of CONTEST in 2018, the efforts successfully drove down the possibilities of the most significant terrorist threats. The CONTEST framework authorizes government agencies, departments, local authorities, devolved administrations, intelligent agencies, frontline emergency services, and other partners to work in collaboration in order to counter-terrorism. Pursue, Prevent, Prepare, and Protect are the core elements of the Contest Framework (Schmid, et al., 2021)/

The UK has counter-terrorism legislation: the Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Act 2001, the Terrorism Act 2000, the Terrorism Act 2006, and the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005. The Terrorism Act 2000 is still able to provide the framework for the powers of counter-terrorism in the United Kingdom. Other efforts are the policy of preventing radicalization, investigating closed online spaces, swiftly responding to events in the UK as we as around the world, etc (Schmid, et al., 2021).

Is state terrorism morally worse than terrorism?

Researchers have agreed to the fact that all forms of terrorism are considered morally wrong and unethical.

Firstly, in both ways, state terrorism is bound to consist of deception, hypocrisy, and secrecy. The state involved in any kind of terrorism activities or supports terrorism portrays the legitimate actions of war or the actions necessary for state security and defense (Tazmini, 2017).

Secondly, the key aspects of terrorism are religious or political violence. These aspects can be fulfilled by attacking, kidnapping, killing, injuring, torturing, and other unethical activities on citizens in order to terrorize them. This terrorism is associated with non-state terrorism. While performing state terrorism a state legitimately targets groups or individuals to develop terror amongst the target community beyond the actual victim. The early example of state terrorism is the German Nazi regime in 1940, and the Soviet police state in 1930, and the others can be seen in World War ।।, all of these violated Human Rights and caused severe massacre and destruction. On the other side, state-sponsored terrorism is conducted by the act of a state providing support to the terrorist groups in the forms of training, funding, supply of weapons, providing shelter, along with other ways of intelligence as well as logistical assistance. Pakistan has been accused as a state sponsor of terrorism groups like Hizbul Mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad, etc. by countries like India, Iran, the United States, etc. Sponsoring terrorism is also considered as an act of terrorism. That is also unethical and morally wrong. It is obvious that the state terrorism is morally worse than the non-state terrorism (Ogunnubi, 2022).

Counter-terrorism is Considered a Form of State Terrorism that affects the Communities Severely

Counter-terrorism is a form of state terrorism that affects other states as well as the internal communities. The Human rights of the states and countries get violated by state terrorism. The communities living in the states are not eligible to get equal rights in terms of freedom of speech, respect, and other human rights. Political mass murder cases like ‘democide’ or mass murder by the government are the results of state terrorism. The tremendous power of a state over its citizens enables it to perform state terrorism regardless of the well-being of communities (Tazmini, 2017).

State terrorism goes under the international human rights law. While terrorist attacks on a state or the agencies connected with it, state terrorism comprises criminal offenses through government-aided agencies effectively defending the citizens. Furthermore, the states sponsoring terrorism by providing support to the terrorist groups, and other states are getting prepared by implementing counter-terrorism into the states that eventually restrict the freedom of the communities (Tazmini, 2017).

Conclusion

After completing the essay, it has become obvious that terrorism is a threat to mankind. All it brings are the terror and violence within the hearts. Even children are also the victims of terrorism. There are historical evidences that shows us the destructive nature of terrorism. It is better not to perform any act related to terrorism to save humanity and provide equal rights to all communities that exist on earth (Falode, 2019).

References

Abozaid, A. M., 2022. Counterterrorism strategies in Egypt: Permanent exceptions in the war on terror. Routledge, Issue https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Abozaid-3/publication/359352268_Counterterrorism_Strategies_in_Egypt_Permanent_Exceptions_in_the_War_on_Terror/links/6236ebc1d545b7729404db09/Counterterrorism-Strategies-in-Egypt-Permanent-Exceptions-in-the-War-o.

Chukwuma, K. H., 2022. Critical terrorism studies and postcolonialism: Constructing ungoverned spaces in counter-terrorism discourse in Nigeria. Critical Studies on Terrorism,, Issue https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17539153.2022.2048990.

D’Amato, S. & Terlizzi, A., 2022. Strategic European counterterrorism? An empirical analysis. European Security, Issue https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09662839.2022.2029847, pp. 540-557.

Falode, A., 2019. Hybrid doctrine: The grand strategy for counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations in Nigeria.. Defence Against Terrorism Review, Issue https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62090185/Datr_Vol.11-libre.pdf?1581629932=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_enemy_of_my_enemy_Strategies_aimed_a.pdf&Expires=1699969662&Signature=FecjetyqOC~9gUx~2tFIRp5PXxZwhXi5vY9wtV0zHKY3mrCR9P.

Lewis, O., 2017. Conceptualizing state counterterrorism. The Palgrave handbook of global counterterrorism policy, Issue https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin-Catino/publication/318704442_Diving_For_Pearls_Shia_Insurgency_and_Counterterrorism_Measures_in_Bahrain/links/5d365db5a6fdcc370a57758e/Diving-For-Pearls-Shia-Insurgency-and-Counterterrorism-Measures-in-Bahrain.p, pp. 3-37..

Martini, A., 2021. The UN and counter-terrorism: Global hegemonies, power and identities.. Routledge, Issue https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alice-Martini/publication/347672897_The_UN_and_Counter-Terrorism_Global_Hegemonies_Power_and_Identities/links/622c94aba39db062db970215/The-UN-and-Counter-Terrorism-Global-Hegemonies-Power-and-Identities.pdf.

Ogunnubi, O. &. A. U. A., 2022. The de-radicalization, rehabilitation and reintegration project in Nigeria’s counter-terrorism strategy: Operation Safe Corridor in context.. African Identities, Issue https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olusola-Ogunnubi/publication/363877086_The_de-radicalization_rehabilitation_and_reintegration_project_in_Nigeria%27s_counter-terrorism_strategy_Operation_Safe_Corridor_in_context/links/634787179cb4fe44f322d84a/The-de-r.

Schmid, A. P., Forest, J. J. & Lowe, T., 2021. Counter-Terrorism Studies: A Glimpse at the Current State of Research. Perspectives on Terrorism, Issue https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2021/issue-4/schmid-et-al.pdf.

Smith Finley, J., 2019. Securitization, insecurity and conflict in contemporary Xinjiang: has PRC counter-terrorism evolved into state terror?. Central Asian Survey, Issue https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02634937.2019.1586348, pp. .1-26..

Suh, F. N., 2019. The European Union and Counterterrorism in the Gulf of Guinea.. The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies, Issue https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Suh-I-Fru-Norbert/publication/367332838_The_European_Union_and_Counterterrorism_in_the_Gulf_of_Guinea/links/63ccfaf6d7e5841e0bea2e3c/The-European-Union-and-Counterterrorism-in-the-Gulf-of-Guinea.pdf.

Tazmini, G., 2017. The Persian–Portuguese encounter in Hormuz: orientalism reconsidered.. Iranian Studies, pp. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies/article/abs/persianportuguese-encounter-in-hormuz-orientalism-reconsidered/6062AE42222140A87E74539C60C86507.

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