Download Free Sample

Scenario

Thor America is a 70-year-old man who is only slightly overweight. He visits his doctor since his right knee has already been hurting and feeling stiff. He suffers osteoarthritis with his right knee as just a consequence of the wear and tear to the joint, according to a battery of diagnostic procedures.

Discussion

There are numerous cells found throughout the human system. Tissues are a specific class of cells that carry out comparable tasks. Organs are collections of tissues that perform a certain purpose. An organs system is made up of numerous organs that collaborate to carry out a task. A body is made up of the coordination and management of the entire system comprising organs. There really are 11 organ systems in humans that function in unison to keep a person healthy (Frey and Mannella, 2010).

The skeletal system in vertebrate is regulated by the neurological system, even though some muscles, such as those in the wall of the stomach and the cardiac muscle, may function independently. Skeletal muscles, among others, can controlled by thought. All through the human body are muscles. Every muscle has a unique name based on where it is located or what it does. Several muscles all perform to allow the human species to function appropriately. For instance, the Orbicularis oris muscles, which surrounds the lips, can assist one pucker the lips while playing the flute (Selvanayagam and Rajaraman, 2016).

The integumentary system serves as a barrier, safeguards the body's internal organs, controls body temperature, and moreover removes waste (e.g sweat). Water is kept in the body while other dangerous chemicals whereas pathogens are kept out by the epidermal, the skin's top layer. As well as the layer beneath the epidermis, the dermis, has important purposes and also feeds the epidermis. Blood arteries, nerves, hair follicles, muscle cells, glands, as well as lymphatic tissue are among the various features that it comprises. It plays a significant part in thermoregulation. The hypodermis, which is located underneath the dermis and doesn't form a component of the skin, Its function is to provide the skin with nerves and blood vessels in addition to connect it to the supporting bone and muscle (Cornford and Dodson, 2010).

The much more prevalent kind of arthritis, osteoarthritis, affects billions of people globally. It occurs whenever the necessary to stop that cushions the extremities of the fractures gradually deteriorates. Although osteoarthritis could damage any joint, it most frequently occurs in the joints in the wrists, knees, hips, and especially the spine. However, osteoarthritis symptoms are frequently controllable, despite the fact that the damage to bones cannot be reversed. Staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight and acquiring particular therapies can slow the progress of the illness and aid in providing pain relief as well as purpose to it. Osteoarthritis symptoms typically come on gradually and worsen with time (Sommerfield, 2016).

Osteoarthritis is a common, degenerative disorder that worsens over time and frequently results in ongoing discomfort. Joint stiffness and discomfort could get so bad that it would be difficult to go about Thor Amrica's daily activities. Osteoarthritis pain and limits can worsen the symptoms, which includes sleep issues (Biroccio and Leonetti, 2014).

Connective tissue disorders come in over 200 different varieties. They may indeed be hereditary, brought on by outside factors, or, more frequently, have no known origin (Vessey and Norbury, 2016). Diseases of the fibrous tissue includes, and are not restricted to:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the tendons and ligaments and is heritable. As just an autoimmune condition, RA occurs whenever the system’s immune system assaults itself. Inflammatory cell damage and cause inflammation the membrane surrounding joints in this systemic illness. In addition, the heart, lungs, even eyes may be impacted. In 71% of instances, more women than males are affected by it.

Inherited connective tissue illnesses impact one or more of the main constituents of the tendons and ligaments and represent a diverse collection of broad, single-gene driven diseases (Paulson, 2012). A variety of factors can lead to skeletal as well as joint abnormalities that really can substantially impede healthy growth and development. When compared to inherited connective tissue illnesses, such ailments are uncommon.

A collection of cells with similar structures and functions is referred to by the term tissue. Epithelial, collagen, muscular, as well as nerve tissues are some of the main categories of bodily tissues. All bodily surfaces are coated in epithelial tissues, which also line bodily cavities including hollow organs and make up the majority of glandular tissue. Interconnected tissues retain fat, transport substances, ward off disease, and help with tissue healing in while also holding components together in the moment and supporting organs as well as the system as a whole. The cells that make up muscle tissue have the unusual ability to shorten and tighten in order to relocate other physiological parts. Most bodily functions are coordinated and under the control of nervous tissue. Bodily membrane are incredibly thin cell layers that line bodily cavities, cover organs inside of body cavity, as well as coat the body's surface. The epithelium and associated tissues membranes are indeed the two basic types of bodily membrane. Mucous membranes, pleural membranes, synovial membranes, as well as meninges are subclasses (Wong, 2011).

In the absence of the chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters, Thor America's body fails to function. These oversee moving chemical "messages" from one target cell—a neuron—through another neuron (a nerve cell). The next target cell could be a muscle, gland, or another motor neuron. Neurotransmitters are present in the axon terminal, a part of the neurons. They are housed in vesicles, which already have delicate walls. Every vesicle can hold many hundreds of chemicals called neurotransmitters. As a signal or message travels through a nerve cell, this electrostatic force causes the neurotransmitter vesicle to cause the nerve membranes at the outer border of the cells to fuse with it. The data is then carried by these neurotransmitters as they are released from the end of the axon combined into the space between one neuron and the following target cell, which is filled with fluid (Frey and Mannella, 2010).

References

Biroccio, A and Leonetti, C. (2014). Review: telomerase as a new target for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Endo Rel Cancer 2004;11:407–421.

Cornford,P., A and Dodson, A., R. (2010). Heat shock protein expression independently predicts clinical outcome in prostate cancer. Cancer Res;60:7099–7105

Frey, T., G and Mannella, C., A. (2010). The internal structure of mitochondria. Trends Biochem Sci;25:319–324.

Hengartner, M., O. (2018). Death cycle and Swiss army knives. Nature;391:441–442

Liebert, M., Washington,R., and Wedemeyer, G. (2014). Loss of co-localization of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin and collagen VII in bladder cancer. Am J Pathol;144:787–799.

Paulson, M. (2012). Basement membrane proteins: structure, assembly and cellular interaction. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol;27:93–127.

Selvanayagam, P and Rajaraman, S. (2016). Detection of mitochondrial genome depletion by a novel cDNA in renal cell carcinoma. Lab Invest;74:592–599.

Sommerfield, H., J. (2016). Telomerase activity: a prevalent marker of malignant human prostate tissue. Cancer Res;56: 218–222.

Vessey, C and Norbury, J. (2016). Genetic disorders associated with cancer predisposition and genetic stability. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol;63: 189–221.

Wong, X. (2011). The expanding role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev;15: 2922–2933.

You Might Also Like:-

Health Care Strategies Assignment Sample

A Complete Guide for Biology Students

Quantitative Biology Assignment Help