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Introduction

While formulating or assessing any standard guidelines, it is crucial to fully recognise that the structural engineering as well as layout of culverts and bridges is fundamentally an issue of soil-structure interaction (Preston, 2010). In a nutshell, this issue's interaction-related component may be viewed as the main topic of this report. Flexible and stiff pipe culverts also historically been divided into two distinct groups and separate engineering and design processes have been created for each (Sustainable Bridges, 2017). Though every case receives a unique design approach to account for these extreme circumstances, the load going to act on the culvert and bridge is still determined essentially in the same way in each instance. It thus, of course, is incompatible with the moderating effects here between soil as well as the culvert. Similarly, in the case of bridge as well (Fairfield, 2014).

Objectives

The objective of this project was to review and assess existing research as well as practises for the structural engineering and design of pipe culverts and bridges. Based on this assessment, more logical methods for carrying out this task were suggested. Almost all currently employed design processes have been significantly influenced by the well-known job by Marston as well as Spangler. This is since

(1) these processes have generally worked well, and

(2) neither a consistently better theory nor many failures can be attributed solely to the concept.

Research approach

Consultations with a range of people who are or have directly experienced culvert assessment, design, as well as installation were crucial to the assignment of surveying as well as evaluating existing design processes and ongoing research (Broo et al., 2008). The quantity and wide range of advisors who worked on this issue are regarded as a very significant and crucial component of this study. This method is deemed to be extremely desirable because it fully utilises the expertise and knowledge of individuals who have operated on culverts as well as bridges for a significant amount of time but rather attacks the elements of the problem that are thought to require comprehensive review (Caselunghe & Eriksson, 2012).

Reference

Broo, H., Lundgren, K. & Plos, M. (2008): A guide to non-linear finite element modelling of shear and torsion in concrete bridges. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology.

Caselunghe, A. & Eriksson, J. (2012): Structural Element Approaches for Soil-Structure Interaction. MSc. Thesis. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg.

Fairfield, C. A. (2014). Cavitation damage to potential sewer and drain pipe materials. Wear, 317(1-2), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2014.05.010

Preston, J. H. (2010). Flow Measurement in Closed Conduits. Nature, 188(4753), 786–787. https://doi.org/10.1038/188786a0

Sustainable Bridges (2017): Non-Linear Analysis and Remaining Fatigue Life of Reinforced Concrete Bridges. Sustainable Bridges - Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives.|

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