A Guide to Write about Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Skin Cancer

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National Skin Cancer Action Week, which takes place every November, aims to raise awareness of the need for Australians to protect themselves from the sun's harmful rays, which can result in skin cancer. Together, the Cancer Council and the Australasian College of Dermatologists offer helpful tips on how to enjoy the sun safely and shield yourself from harmful UV radiation. The week can help people recognise some of the early indicators of skin cancer and act as a reminder of the value of early detection.

How common is skin cancer in Australia?

The first Europeans with fair skin arrived in Australia more than 200 years ago, in 1788, and brought a history of skin cancer.

The risk is higher in men than in women (70% vs. 58% prevalence rate of NMSC before age 70 1; 58.5 vs. 39.0 age-standardised incidence rate of melanoma). At least 2 in 3 Australians will receive a skin cancer diagnosis before the age of 70.1. Men also have a higher mortality risk; 69% of Australians who pass away from skin cancer are male.

What causes skin cancer?

The leading cause of skin cancer is overexposure to sunlight, especially when it results in blistering and sunburn. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun damage DNA in your skin, causing abnormal cells to form. These abnormal cells rapidly divide disorganised, forming a mass of cancer cells.

Another cause of skin cancer is frequent skin contact with certain chemicals, such as tar and coal.

Mainly a change of skin is a sign of skin cancer. It could be a new growth, a sore that lasts longer than expected, or a rapid change in a mole external to the skin. However, not all skin cancers look the same. Therefore, we have categorised as a simple way to remember– A-B-C-D-Es of melanoma that follows-

• Asymmetrical- see if the mole or spot on your body has an irregular shape with two entirely different identities.
• Border: Is the border irregular or jagged?
• Colour- does it have an uneven colour?
• Diameter: is the size of a mole more prominent than a pea?
• Evolving: Has the mole or sport changed over the past few weeks or months?

In addition to UV radiation exposure, typical risk factors for skin cancer include:

• A weakened immune system most frequently causes skin cancer. It might be brought on by viruses, illnesses, or immune-suppressive treatments connected to organ transplantation.
• Moles.
• Family history.
• Health disorders that are inherited or hereditary, like xeroderma pigmentosum.
• Consumption of tobacco.
• Chemical exposure to substances including arsenic, tar from industrial processes, coal, paraffin, and certain oils.

Who is at risk?

In Australia, much of the population is at risk of developing skin cancer due to having mainly fair skin and high levels of UV radiation year-round. However, skin cancer is categorised into multiple segments such as average, increased and high risks- according To the Royal Australian College of general practitioners.

You are at increased risk of developing skin cancer if you have the following:

Here are the risk factors for developing skin cancer if you have:

• Light-coloured hair (blond or red)
• Lots of moles or freckles.
• Predominantly fair skin that gets sunburned easily and does not tan.
• Solaria consumption.
• Spent a lot of time in the sunlight, irrespective of regular use of sunscreen.
• A family history of skin cancer.
• Suffered sunburn as a child.
• Light-coloured eyes– green or blue.

Skin cancer types

Skin cancers of common types include:

• In Australia, basal cell carcinoma, often known as BCC, is responsible for more than 80% of all skin cancer cases yearly. It frequently appears in body regions exposed to the sun the most.
• Recurrent basal cell carcinoma might develop there or in other body parts.
• Squamous cell carcinoma affects fatty tissues beneath the skin more frequently than basal cell cancer.
• Melanoma is a type of melanocyte known as the skin that generates the brown pigment known as melanin and turns dark when exposed to the sun directly.
• Human herpesvirus (HHV) is the disease that causes Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which manifests in the skin's blood vessels.
• Merkel cell carcinoma is a type of skin-specific cell that has the potential to spread to the brain, bones, liver, or lungs.
• Actinic keratosis is a sort of precancerous growth symptom that has the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma.
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma includes lymphoma, often known as cutaneous lymphoma.
• Keratoacanthoma is a benign tumour that naturally disappears. But if it grows, it's critical to have therapy, just like in squamous cell carcinoma.

How to reduce the skin cancer rate in Australia?

For any age group, it is essential to practise sun protection activities such as using sunscreen and wearing clothes to protect their skin from the sun. Every expert in nursing assignment help says that following such safety measures from a young age is especially important as a part of the morning routine in Australia. For example, using sunscreen, everything you step out in the daylight has more successful preventive traits, which helps in reducing the risk of skin cancer up to a significant number.

Per medical experts, prevention is the best approach to avoiding all kinds of skin cancer. However, there are health authorities and groups who recommend five steps to protect your skin from those harmful UV rays:

• Wear protective clothing such as lightweight and long-sleeved shirts and trousers. It is also essential to give your skin as much as possible while moving out in the daylight, in peak hours.
• Slop on SPF 30-50
• Carry hat.
• Shades
• And sunglasses.

These are the basic practices you can follow as your routine every day. These are safe habits you should learn and educate people around you.

Early detection. It is critical to your skin, and regularly check it so that you find out what is changing sooner than later. You can notice if there are any moles or lesions. In Australia, the Australian Skin Cancer College offers an online tool to help gauge the risk of skin cancer.

Melanoma is a severe type of skin cancer that can progress quickly. Hence, it is essential to ensure you regularly check any new or changing moles with the help of doctors.

Skin cancer treatments

A considerable number of cases of skin cancer can be treated by dermatologists or with surgery. However, speedy treatment is required if a dermatologist determines that the skin cancer is melanoma (which is dangerous) or Markel cell carcinoma.

The most standard treatment possibilities for skin cancer have the following:

Here is a list of different types of treatment for basal cell, carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis skin cancer:

types of standard treatment are used:

• Surgery
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Photodynamic therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Chemical peels

and other types of medication therapy

Surgical procedures for skin cancer include:

Excision: Types of excisions include:

• Mohs surgery: In this procedure, the skin layers are removed and examined until no cancer cells are found.
• Cancer cells are frozen using liquid nitrogen during cryosurgery.
• Laser surgery is a type of light-based treatment that destroys cancerous cells on the skin's surface.
• Lymph node biopsy: In some circumstances, it may be necessary to remove lymph nodes close to the skin cancer to determine whether the disease has spread.
• Reconstructive surgery is a possibility for certain individuals whose severe skin cancer surgery may have left them with scars or other physical deformities.
• Simple excision is the skin tumour and a little portion of the surrounding tissue are removed.
• A broad amount of healthy tissue and the skin tumour are both helped by the wide excision treatment. This is a common method of treating melanoma.
• Shave excision is the type in which the skin tumour is removed by shaving it using a tool resembling a razor.

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