Ethical Issues |
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The high-density cages will be used to prevent crowding and provide them with appropriate surface area (Barker et al., 2017). The rats will be provided with enough food and the temperature and humidity will be adjusted to mimic their natural habitat. The experiment involves the removal of organs only after euthanizing the animals. It will help in deducing the effect of substance E in the heart and lung tissues of a living animal. |
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Reduction |
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The present experimental setup aims to establish the effect of substance E on the body parts other than the heart and lungs. It will study the duration of the effect of the drug on the animal. The behavioral and physical changes induced in the animal will be evaluated. The impact of environmental factors on the efficacy of the drug in the animal system will be determined. |
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Refinement |
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The experiment will be conducted under the supervision of an expert on animal model testing. The rats in the experiment will be euthanized with a high dose of drug K. The experiment involves exposing the rats to substance E for 2 hours using a mechanical ventilator which is in compliance with the guidelines of NHMRC (NHMRC, 2013). |
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Replacement |
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The experiment involves the use of a rat as an animal model to study the potential positive and negative effects of substance E on the living system. This information will help in analyzing potential side effects that can occur to other animals and human beings on administering the drug (Labant, 2020). Cell lines can be used as an alternative but it will limit the information produced from the experiment regarding the effect of the drug. |
Barker, Timothy Hugh, Rebecca Peta George, Gordon Stanley Howarth, and Alexandra Louise Whittaker. 2017. “Assessment of Housing Density, Space Allocation and Social Hierarchy of Laboratory Rats on Behavioural Measures of Welfare.” PloS One 12(9):e0185135–e0185135.
Labant, MaryAnn. 2020. Animal models evolve to satisfy emerging needs: In response to drug development challenges, animal models are acquiring more human-like genetic backgrounds, immune systems, and microbiomes. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 40(3), p. 48–51.
NHMRC. 2013. “Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes.” Retrieved September 20, 2020 (https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/australian-code-care-and-use-animals-scientific-purposes).
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