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Introduction

The growing importance of the barriers and the challenges faced in the facilitation of Health and Social Care interventions for the older people has been one of the remarkable problems that remains significantly unresolved (Doherty, et al., 2020). Significant barriers can cause the long-term implementation of the interventions, and tools, and also for training, transitioning older people experience the special healthcare needs (Cowie, et al., 2020). CRAAP model is important for the vital use, of stopping and controlling the mis-spread information of various forms. CRAAP stands for Currency, Relevancy, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose. The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the CRAAP model, identify their similarity and differences and determine sources following barriers and interventions in healthcare and social care. 

Search and Select your Academic Sources

Research has been conducted on the “social facilitate", "potential barriers of healthcare", and "Social care interventions “are some of the keywords used to identify and search from the published databases. The research shows 70 published articles, out of which 5 have been taken considering the recent articles (2019-2023) and the scope of published articles. All the non-English articles have been excluded from the research. Only the published and verified articles from the newspapers, magazines and journals have been considered. Excluded searches included unverified publications like blogs or personal opinions that do not have acclaimed author publications. 

CRAAP Test

Article 1 “ The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review” by the author Cowie, J., Nicoll, A., Dimova, E.D., Campbell, P. and Duncan, E.A. that has been published in 2020.

C: Currency

The article was published in 2020, and discusses the growing problems in the barriers and facilitation and the materials that have been taken over the last 10 years. It includes only the published and peer-reviewed articles that are available from the researched journals, articles, publications and factual findings. 

R: Relevance

Information is relevant as it discusses the intervention-related barriers, and studies suggest several tactics. In the relevant information, it is the implementation of the interventions and most findings have been from the status quo where the healthcare facilities have faced problematic setups.

A: Authority

The author Julie Cowie belongs to the Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit and has actively worked in hospitals and different professional research. Avril Nicoll belongs to the Health Services Research Unit and includes well-researched credential publications about the healthcare unit and findings. Elena D. Dimova Department of Nursing and Health, School of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University has included the research findings from its experiences and the Nursing and Health care findings. Pauline Campbell belongs to the Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP RU), Glasgow Caledonian University focusing on the research and publications from the professional research and findings. Edward A. Duncan belongs to the Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP RU), identifying the different aspects of the medical care and professional research units. 

A: Accuracy

The research findings have been from accredited publications, including journals, articles and findings in recent times. Information has been researched and pulled from the secondary data sources, from the verified publications including the researched articles, journals and published verified resources. The language has been mainly of the verified articles, and researched publications and includes the not biased, judgmental or mixed opinions.

P: Purpose

Information purpose has been mainly about the clinicians, managers have not been able to map out the new models or interventions. Adopting the interventions and streamlining the systems, can be effective in the transaction period of practices and programs. 

Article 2 “Barriers and facilitators to deprescribing in primary care: a systematic review" by the authors Doherty, A.J., Boland, P., Reed, J., Clegg, A.J., Stephani, A.M., Williams, N.H., Shaw, B., Hedgecoe, L., Hill, R. and Walker, L., that has been published in 2020

C: Currency: The article was published in 2020 and it has included information from UK-based journals, secondary data information and verified publications. Information includes the researched information from the findings of the researched articles and the various findings between 2010-2020. 

R: Relevance

Information about the healthcare facility barriers and challenges has been important as it helps to identify the common problems when it comes to the findings in the social care facility and provision.

A: Authority

Alison Jayne Doherty is more about the Faculty of Health & Wellbeing belonging to the University of Central Lancashire, in Preston UK. Paul Boland belongs to the research institute of the Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. Janet Reed from the well-acclaimed Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, and Liverpool, UK has included his findings. Andrew J Clegg from the Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, US and Anne-Marie Stephani researched from the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. Rest, Nefyn Howard Williams, Beth Shaw, Lynn Hedgecoe, Ruaraidh Hill & Lauren Walker are all the researchers who have contributed to the research. 

A: Accuracy

The language has been mainly of the verified articles, and researched publications and includes the not biased, judgmental or mixed opinions. The information has been largely not of the variables data excluded from the old publications and not included from the opinionated articles or the blogs.

P: Purpose

Information findings and purpose has been the healthcare facilitate includes the interventions and tools, that are supported by the additional support and resources that can deliver the best care. 

Article 3 Patients’ perspectives of facilitators and barriers to patient-centred care: insights from qualitative patient interviews: author Vennedey, V., Hower, K.I., Hillen, H., Ansmann, L., Kuntz, L. and Stock, S. that has been published in 2020

C: Currency

The article was published in 2020 and discusses the growing problems in the barriers and facilitation and the materials that have been taken from the last 10 years. It includes only the published and peer-reviewed articles that are available from the researched journals, articles, publications and factual findings. 

R: Relevance

Medical research and healthcare facility findings are relevant as they discuss the intervention-related barriers, and studies suggest several tactics. In the relevant information, it is the implementation of the interventions and most findings have been from the status quo where the healthcare facilities have faced problematic setups.

A: Authority

Vera Vennedey belongs to the Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne. Kira Isabel belongs to the Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne. Hendrik Hillen belongs to the Department of Business Administration and Health Care Management, University of Cologne, and Lena Ansmann belongs to the Division of Organizational Health Services Research. Ludwig Kuntz from the Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne and Stephanie Stock belonging to the Cologne Research and Development Network (CoRe-Net) from the Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne. 

A: Accuracy

Information has been researched and pulled from the secondary data sources, from the verified publications including the researched articles, journals and published verified resources. The language has been mainly of the verified articles, and researched publications and includes the not biased, judgmental or mixed opinions.

P: Purpose

Information purpose through adopting the interventions and streamlining the systems, can be effective in the transaction period of practices and programs. 

CRAAP

What Similarities and Differences

The similarity between Article 1, Article 2 and Article 3 shows information has been largely not of the variables data excluded from the old publications and not included from the opinionated articles or the blogs. The differences show in author credibility, like in Article 1 the authors are from Nursing and professional research centres, and Article 2 & 3 includes the researchers belonging to the healthcare researches, universities and institutes 

Compare and Contrast

Article 1 discusses about clinicians, managers have not been able to map out the new models or interventions. The healthcare facility includes the interventions and tools, that are supported by the additional support and resources that can deliver the best care. Article 2 discusses and highlights the need for more consistent and complete reporting of sustainability to ensure that lessons learned can be of direct benefit to the future implementation of interventions. Article 3 discusses mainly different findings of the practice and research, most of the information has been included from the health care facilities and including intervention sustainability. 

Conclusion

To conclude, the CRAAP test indicates that the three articles chosen have included the discussion about the health care barriers and challenges being adaptability intervention, overcoming complex social challenges for patients, having lack of resources, care teams and even the structured transition process. All the articles indicate information has been authentic, verified and included from the researched published secondary data information. 

References

Cowie, J., Nicoll, A., Dimova, E.D., Campbell, P. and Duncan, E.A., 2020. The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review.  BMC Health Services Research ,  20 (1), pp.1-27. 

Doherty, A.J., Boland, P., Reed, J., Clegg, A.J., Stephani, A.M., Williams, N.H., Shaw, B., Hedgecoe, L., Hill, R. and Walker, L., 2020. Barriers and facilitators to deprescribing in primary care: a systematic review.  BJGP open ,  4 (3). 

Vennedey, V., Hower, K.I., Hillen, H., Ansmann, L., Kuntz, L. and Stock, S., 2020. Patients’ perspectives of facilitators and barriers to patient-centred care: insights from qualitative patient interviews.  BMJ open ,  10 (5), p.e033449.

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